- Table of contents of the 2019 Guidelines on Chronic Coronary Syndromes
- Preamble
- Introduction
- What is new in the 2019 Guidelines?
- Patients with angina and/or dyspnea, and suspected coronary artery disease
- Basic assessment, diagnosis, and risk assessment
- Step 1: symptoms and signs (Stable unstable angina, distinction between symptoms caused by epicardial vs microvascular/vasospastic disease)
- Step 2: Comorbidities and other causes of symptoms
- Step 3: Basic testing 'Biochemical tests, resting electrocardiogram and ambulatory monitoring, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging at rest, chest X-ray)
- Step 4: assess pre-test probability and clinical likelihood of coronary artery disease
- Step 5: Select appropriate testing (functional non-invasive tests, anatomical non-invasive evaluation, role of the exercise electrocardiogram, selection of diagnostic tests, the impact of clinical likelihood on the selection of a diagnostic test, invasive testing, definition of levels of risk)
- Lifestyle management
- General management of patients with coronary artery disease
- Lifestyle modification and control of risk factors
- Smoking
- Diet and alcohol
- Weight management
- Physical activity
- Cardiac rehabilitation
- Psychosocial factors
- Environmental factors
- Sexual activity
- Adherence and sustainability
- Influenza vaccination
- Pharmacological management
- Anti-ischaemia drugs
- General strategy
- Available drugs
- Patients with low blood pressure
- Patients with low heart rate
- Event prevention
- Antiplatelet drugs
- Anticoagulant drugs in sinus rhythm
- Anticoagulant drugs in atrial fibrillation
- Proton pump inhibitors
- Cardiac surgery and antithrombotic therapy
- Non-cardia surgery and antithrombotic therapy
- Statins and other lipid-lowering drugs
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Anti-ischaemia drugs
- Revascularization
- Basic assessment, diagnosis, and risk assessment
- Patients with new-onset of heart failure or reduced left ventricular function
- Patients with a long-standing diagnosis of chronic coronary syndromes
- Patients with stabilized symptoms <1 year after an acute coronary syndrome or patients with recent revascularization
- Patients >1 year after initial diagnosis or revascularization
- Angina without obstructive disease in the epicardial coronary arteries
- Microvascular angina
- Risk stratification
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Vasospastic angina
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Microvascular angina
- Screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic subjects
- Chronic coronary syndromes in specific circumstances
- Cardiovascular comorbidities
- Hypertension
- Valvular heart disease (including planned transcatheter aortic valve implantation)
- After heart implantation
- Non-cardiovascular comorbidities
- Cancer
- Diabetes mellitus
- Chronic kidney disease
- Elderly
- Sex
- Patients with refractory angina
- Cardiovascular comorbidities
- Key messages
- Gaps in evidence
- "What to do" and "what not to do" messages from the Guidelines
- Supplementary data
- Appendix
- References