2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy
Whereas some of the situations requiring pacing are clear and have not changed over the years, many others have evolved and have been the subject of extensive recent research, such as pacing after syncope, pacing following transcatheter aortic valve implantation, cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) for heart failure (HF) and for prevention of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy, and pacing in various infiltrative and inflammatory diseases of the heart, as well as in different cardiomyopathies.
Other novel topics include new diagnostic tools for decision-making on pacing, as well as a whole new area of pacing the His bundle and the left bundle branch. In addition, attention has increased in other areas, such as how to systematically minimise procedural risk and avoid complications of cardiac pacing, how to manage patients with pacemakers in special situations, such as when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or irradiation are needed, how to follow patients with a pacemaker with emphasis on the use of remote monitoring, and how to include shared decision-making in caring for this patient population.
Copyright permission
Guidelines and related materials are for use by individuals for personal or educational purposes. No commercial use is allowed. Re-use permission must be correctly obtained from the publisher ESC Guidelines are protected by copyright. As per opt out option under Article 4 §3 of EU Directive 2019/790, the ESC reserves all rights to license uses of ESC Guidelines to train or develop generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, large language models or other deep learning or machine learning models. Any use of ESC Guidelines in software tools, generative AI models, computational models, or algorithms in which ESC Guideline content is included, cited, or transformed in any way requires a formal license agreement.
ESC Chat - Your Guidelines Companion
ESC Chat provides instant and personalised answers to clinical queries, based exclusively on current ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Educational material
Device therapy in heart failure: understanding barriers for implementation of guidelines and expansion of new pacing modalities
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Tools
ESC Pocket Guidelines Mobile App
Convenient resources available directly on your mobile device.
Patient versions of ESC Guidelines
ESC Patient Guidelines translate expert clinical recommendations into clear, everyday language.
