Pocket Guidelines on Myocarditis and Pericarditis

Publication Date: 2025
Chairperson: Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Massimo Imazio

Table of Contents

• Introduction  
• Epidemiology, classification, stages, diagnostic criteria and aetiology
  • Classification and stages
  • Diagnostic criteria
    • Diagnostic criteria for myocarditis
    • Diagnostic criteria for pericarditis
• Clinical presentation of IMPS
  • Clinical presentations of myocarditis
    • Chest pain presentation
    • Heart failure presentation
    • Presentation with arrhythmias
  • Clinical presentations of pericarditis
    • Pericarditis with cardiac tamponade
    • Constrictive pericarditis
• Diagnosis and diagnostic work-up
  • Genetics
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
  • Computed tomography
  • Nuclear medicine
  • Endomyocardial biopsy
  • Role of autopsy
  • Role of cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography
  • Electro-anatomical mapping
• Therapy
  • Pharmacological therapy
    • Pharmacological therapy for myocarditis
    • Pharmacological therapy for pericarditis

• Interventional techniques including circulatory support

• • • Myocarditis
    • Pericarditis
  • Surgical therapy
  • Management of arrhythmias and prevention of SCD in myocarditis
• Prognosis
  • Complications and outcomes for myocarditis
  • Complications and outcomes for pericarditis
• Specific types of myocarditis
  • Giant-cell myocarditis
  • Myocarditis in sarcoidosis
  • Drug- or vaccine-induced myocarditis
• Inflammatory cardiomyopathy
• Specific types of pericarditis
  • Tuberculous pericarditis
  • Pericardial involvement in neoplastic disease
  • Post-cardiac injury syndrome
  • Purulent pericarditis
  • Inflammatory and non-inflammatory pericardial effusion
  • Cardiac tamponade
  • Pericardial constriction and constrictive pericarditis (calcified and non-calcified)
• Age- and sex-related aspects in IMPS
  • Pregnancy, lactation, and reproductive issues
  • Physical activity in inflammatory myopericardial syndrome
  • Multidisciplinary teams for the management of IMPS