Pocket Guidelines on Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)

Publication Date: 2023
Chairpersons: Robert Byrne and Borja Ibanez

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1. Definitions acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarction

2. Triage and diagnosis

2.1. Clinical presentation and physical examination

2.2. Diagnostic tools | Electrocardiogram

2.2.1. Acute coronary syndrome with persistent ST-segment elevation

2.2.2. Acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS)

2.3. Diagnostic tools | Biomarkers

2.3.1. High-sensitivity cardiac troponins

2.4. Diagnostic tools | Non-invasive imaging

3. Initial measures for patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome | Initial treatment

3.1. Pre-hospital logistics of care

4. Acute-phase management of patients with acute coronary syndrome

4.1. Selection of invasive strategy and reperfusion therapy

4.2. Fibrinolysis and pharmaco-invasive strategy in patients with STEMI

5. Antithrombotic therapy

5.1. Antiplatelet therapy in the acute phase

5.2. Antiplatelet therapy in patients requiring oral anticoagulation

5.3. Antithrombotic therapy as an adjunct to fibrinolysis

6. Acute coronary syndrome with unstable presentation

6.1. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndrome

7. Management of acute coronary syndrome during hospitalization

8. Technical aspects of invasive strategies

9. Management of patients with multivessel disease

9.1. Management of multivessel disease in acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock

10. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

11. Special situations

11.1. Type 2 Myocardial infarction and acute myocardial injury

11.2. Complications

11.3. Comorbid conditions

12. Long-term treatment

13. Patient perspectives

13.1. Patient-centred care

13.2. Patient satisfaction and expectations

13.3. Preparation for discharge

14. Sex differences