Table of Contents
- ESC Classes of recommendations and levels of evidence
- Introduction
- General comments
- Patient evaluation
- Risk stratification
- Special considerations in elderly patients
- Endocarditis prophylaxis
- Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever
- Concept of the Heart Team and heart valve centres
- Management of associated conditions
- Aortic regurgitation
- Evaluation
- Indications for intervention
- Medical therapy
- Serial testing
- Special patient populations
- Aortic stenosis
- Evaluation
- Indications for intervention
- Medical therapy
- Serial testing
- Special patient populations
- Mitral regurgitation
- Primary mitral regurgitation
- Secondary mitral regurgitation
- Mitral stenosis
- Evaluation
- Indications for intervention
- Medical therapy
- Serial testing
- Special patient populations
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Evaluation
- Indications for intervention
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Evaluation
- indications for intervention
- Medical therapy
- Combined and multiple valve diseases
- Prosthetic valves
- Choice of prosthetic valve
- Management after valve intervention
- Management during noncardiac surgery
- Preoperative evaluation
- Specific valve lesions
- Perioperative monitoring
- Management during pregnancy
- Native Valve disease
- Prosthetic valves