Latest surveys

• Role of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator in the initial period of sudden cardiac death risk stratification (July 2025)
  Vascular access site management during electrophysiology procedures (July 2025)
• Diagnostic, pharmacological, and ablation approaches for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation: the 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association survey (May 2025)
• Lifestyle and risk factor modification in atrial fibrillation (March 2025)
• Bipolar radiofrequency ablation of refractory ventricular arrhythmias: results from a multicentre network (October 2024)
• Genetic testing for inherited arrhythmia syndromes and cardiomyopathies (September 2024)

Read the results and the recent publications

EP snapshot survey

What is the EP snapshot survey?

This snapshot survey is used to map the daily cardiac electrophysiology (EP) practice in Europe, but unlike other online EP surveys, the snapshot survey is based on an individual study and at an individual level.
It is a limited survey (25 questions maximum) including consecutive patients for a period of 6-8 weeks on average.

The latest snapshot survey

• EHRA European snapshot survey on leadless pacemaker implantation (ESSS-LLPM)

In November 2019, the EHRA Scientific Initiatives Committee launched a snapshot survey studying the use of leadless or transvenous pacemakers in the following countries: France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and UK.

Implantable transvenous pacemakers (TV-PMs) have been used for more than 50 years for the management of bradycardias. Whereas the efficacy and overall safety of these devices is high, it has been shown that almost 90% of TV-PM complications are related to the presence of endovascular leads and device pocket issues, such as erosion and infection. In addition, the extraction of endovascular leads, most commonly for infection, is challenging and fraught with risks. Lastly, transvenous pacing may sometimes be very difficult or impossible because of venous thrombosis or occlusions.

The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) prospective snapshot survey was to study the proportion of leadless pacemaker (LL-PM) implants and the factors influencing the choice of LL-PM vs. transvenous pacemaker (TV-PM) across tertiary cardiac pacing centres in Europe with routine availability of the LL-PM as well as to anticipate future trends. 

In addition this survey enabled to assess procedural settings, safety measures, and short-term outcomes associated with implantation of leadless pacemakers (LLPM).

Two manuscripts report the results of this survey:

• Peri-procedural management, implantation feasibility, and short-term outcomes in patients undergoing implantation of leadless pacemakers: European snapshot survey (February 2020)
• Factors influencing the use of leadless or transvenous pacemakers (January 2020)

Participating centres included patients between November 2018 and January 2019.

For further information, access the summary protocol.

Previous snapshot survey

• Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation survey (2017)
  

In April 2017, the EHRA Scientific Initiatives Committee launched a snapshot survey over a period of 2 months in the 6 following countries: France, Germany, Italy, Poland, The Netherlands and UK. 

The aim of this prospective snapshot survey was to provide better insight into ICD utilisation across a broad range of European tertiary centres, and to try to identify some important factors that could direct the choice towards the use of an S-ICD or a TV-ICD in a particular patient.

Documents to download

• Summary of the protocol
• The manuscript