The case
Description
- 35-year-old Caucasian female football player underwent pre-participation cardiovascular screening.
- She exercised for 10 hours per week.
- She did not report any sinister cardiac symptoms, apart from feeling slightly more breathless than her teammates.
- She was not on any regular medications and there was no family history of premature sudden cardiac death or cardiomyopathy.
- Clinical examination was unremarkable. Her 12-lead ECG is presented below.
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References
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- [*2] Should axis deviation or atrial enlargement be categorised as abnormal in young athletes? The athlete's electrocardiogram: Time for re-appraisal of markers of pathology.
Gati S, Sheikh N, Ghani S, Zaidi A, Wilson M, Raju H, Cox A, Reed M, Papadakis M, Sharma S.
Eur Heart J. 2013
- [*3] Comparison of electrocardiographic criteria for the detection of cardiac abnormalities in elite black and white athletes.
Sheikh N, Papadakis M, Ghani S, Zaidi A, Gati S, Adami PE, Carre F, Schnell F, Wilson M, Avila P, McKenna W, Sharma S.
Circulation. 2014;129:1637-1649
- [4*] The prevalence, distribution, and clinical outcomes of electrocardiographic repolarization patterns in male athletes of African/Afro-Caribbean origin.
Papadakis M, Carre F, Kervio G, Rawlins J, Panoulas VF, Chandra N, Basavarajaiah S, Carby L, Fonseca T, Sharma S.
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- [5*] Increased left ventricular trabeculation in highly trained athletes: Do we need more stringent criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction in athletes?
Gati S, Chandra N, Bennett RL, Reed M, Kervio G, Panoulas VF, Ghani S, Sheikh N, Zaidi A, Wilson M, Papadakis M, Carre F, Sharma S. Heart. 2013;99:401-408
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- [*10] Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction.
Jacquier A, Thuny F, Jop B, Giorgi R, Cohen F, Gaubert JY, Vidal V, Bartoli JM, Habib G, Moulin G. .Eur Heart J. 2010;31:1098-1104
- [*11] Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: A step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy.
Jenni R, Oechslin E, Schneider J, Attenhofer Jost C, Kaufmann PA. Heart. 2001;86:666-671
Notes to editor
Dr Sabiha Gati, Cardiac Imaging Fellow, St George’s University of London
Dr Michael Papadakis, Lecturer in Cardiology, St George’s University of London
Prof Sanjay Sharma, Professor of Clinical Cardiology, St George’s University of London
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