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First-line catheter ablation superior to drug therapy for reducing atrial fibrillation

London, UK – 1 Sept 2015: First-line treatment with catheter ablation is superior to drug therapy for reducing atrial fibrillation, according to five year results from the MANTRA-PAF trial presented for the first time at ESC Congress today.1

Treatment
Atrial Fibrillation
Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy


EMBARGO : 1 September 2015 at 15:15 BST

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm problem that requires medical treatment. Atrial fibrillation reduces quality of life and is associated with increased risk of stroke and disability. Atrial fibrillation is more common with higher age, and is observed in 2% of people aged 60 years and at least 5% of the population older than 70 years.

“In clinical practice most doctors choose antiarrhythmic drug therapy for initial treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation and catheter ablation is used for patients who fail drug therapy,” said principal investigator Professor Jens Cosedis Nielsen, consultant cardiologist at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark. “We asked the question: is catheter ablation superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment?”

MANTRA-PAF (Medical ANtiarrhythmic Treatment or Radiofrequency Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation) was an international multicentre trial conducted by heart rhythm specialists. A total of 294 patients with highly symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were randomised to receive either catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment. The two year results of the trial showed that both treatments reduced atrial fibrillation effectively, but none of the two treatment strategies were superior.2

The five year outcomes of MANTRA-PAF are presented today. The primary endpoint was the burden of atrial fibrillation assessed by seven day Holter recording. Secondary endpoints were burden of symptomatic atrial fibrillation, quality of life (using physical and mental component scores of the SF-36 questionnaire), and need for additional catheter ablation procedures since the two year follow up. Analysis was by intention-to-treat and imputation was used to compensate for missing Holter data.

Five year follow up was achieved in 245 out of 294 patients (83%), of which 125 had been randomised to catheter ablation and 120 to antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment. Holter recording was available for 227 patients. More patients in the catheter ablation group were free from any atrial fibrillation (126/146 versus 105/148, p=0.001) and symptomatic atrial fibrillation (137/146 versus 126/148, p=0.015) than those in the antiarrhythmic drug therapy group.3 Atrial fibrillation burden was significantly lower in the catheter ablation group (any AF: p=0.003, symptomatic AF: p=0.02) compared to the antiarrhythmic drug therapy group. The results were similar when not compensating for missing Holter recordings.

“At five-year follow-up less atrial fibrillation was observed with catheter ablation as first line treatment,” said Professor Nielsen. “The findings indicate that first-line treatment with catheter ablation is superior to drug therapy for reducing atrial fibrillation. The different outcomes observed at two and five years may be because the two treatments have different modes of action.”

There was no difference between the two groups in the number of additional catheter ablation procedures since the two year follow up. Quality of life scores at five years did not differ between groups (physical component score p=0.88, mental component score p=0.94) but remained improved from baseline (both components p<0.001) and did not differ from the two year scores.

“Quality of life scores remained improved from before treatment initiation with either of the two treatments,” said Professor Nielsen. “This indicates that quality of life can be improved long-term by treatment aiming to withhold normal heart rhythm, either by antiarrhythmic drug therapy or catheter ablation.”

He concluded: “The results indicate that first-line catheter ablation is superior to drug therapy for suppressing atrial fibrillation in patients with paroxysmal AF. The choice of first-line treatment strategy still needs to be discussed with individual patients taking into account their disease burden and risks associated with the different treatment strategies.”

ENDS

References

1Professor Nielsen will present the abstract ‘Five-year follow-up in a randomised comparison of catheter ablation and antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first-line treatment in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation’ at 15:15 during:
•    Clinical Trial Update III – Pharmacology & therapy on Tuesday 1 September at 14:00 in Hyde Park (The Hub)
2 Nielsen JC, Johannessen A, Raatikainen P, Hindricks G, Walfridsson H, Kongstad O, Pehrson S, Englund A, Hartikainen J, Mortensen LS, Hansen PS. Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1587-1595.
3Denominators are the original numbers of randomised patients because analysis was by intention to treat and imputation was used to compensate for missing Holter data.

Notes to editor

SOURCES OF FUNDING: The study was funded by the Danish Heart Foundation and Biosense Webster.
DISCLOSURES:
Biosense-Webster supported the MANTRA-PAF trial with an unrestricted grant. Jens Cosedis Nielsen has received speaker’s fees from Biosense-Webster and Biotronik and consultant’s fees from Boston Scientific.

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About the European Society of Cardiology
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) represents more than 90 000 cardiology professionals across Europe and worldwide. Its mission is to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in Europe.
 
About ESC Congress 2015
ESC Congress is the world’s largest and most influential cardiovascular event contributing to global awareness of the latest clinical trials and breakthrough discoveries. ESC Congress 2015 takes place 29 August to 2 September at ExCel London in London, UK. Access the scientific programme. More information is available from the ESC Press Office at press@escardio.org.

To access all the scientific resources from the sessions during the congress, visit ESC Congress 365.  

This press release accompanies both a presentation and an ESC press conference at the ESC Congress 2015. Edited by the ESC from material supplied by the investigators themselves, this press release does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Society of Cardiology. The content of the press release has been approved by the presenter.