Guidelines version available to download
Published in 2014
Reference ESC/ESA Non-Cardiac Surgery Guidelines - Eur Heart J (2014) 35 , 2383–243
Table of contents: Full Text (ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines)
Preamble and introduction
- The magnitude of the problem
- Change in demographics
- Purpose and organization
Pre-operative evaluation
- Surgical risk for cardiac events
- Type of surgery
- Endovascular vs. open vascular procedures
- Open vs. laparoscopic or thoracoscopic procedures
- Functional capacity
- Risk indices
- Biomarkers
- Non-invasive testing
- Non-invasive testing of cardiac disease
- Non-invasive testing of ischaemic heart disease
- Invasive coronary angiography
Risk-reduction strategies
- Pharmacological
- Beta-blockers
- Statins
- Nitrates
- angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Alpha2 receptor agonists
- Diuretics
- Peri-operative management in patients on anti-platelet agents
- Aspirin
- Dual anti-platelet therapy
- Reversal of anti-platelet therapy
- Peri-operative management in patients on anticoagulants
- Vitamin K antagonists
- Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
- Reversal of anticoagulant therapy
- Revascularization
- Prophylactic revascularization in patients with asymptomatic or stable ischaemic heart disease
- Type of prophylactic revascularization in patients with stable ischaemic heart disease
- Revascularization in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
Specific diseases
- Chronic heart failure
- Arterial hypertension
- Valvular heart disease
- Patient evaluation
- Aortic stenosis
- Mitral stenosis
- Primary aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation
- Secondary mitral regurgitation
- Patients with prosthetic valve(s)
- Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis
- Arrhythmias
- New-onset ventricular arrhythmias in the pre-operative period
- Management of supraventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation in the pre-operative period.
- Peri-operative bradyarrhythmias
- Peri-operative management of patients with pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator
- Renal disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Peripheral artery disease
- Pulmonary disease
- Congenital heart disease
Peri-operative monitoring
- Electrocardiography
- Transoesophageal echocardiography
- Right heart catheterization
- Disturbed glucose metabolism
- Anaemia
Anaesthesia
- Intra-operative anaesthetic management
- Neuraxial techniques
- Peri-operative goal-directed therapy
- Risk stratification after surgery
- Early diagnosis of post-operative complications
- Post-operative pain management
Gaps in evidence
Summary
Appendix
References
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