Table of contents: Full Text (ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines)
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Introduction
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Prophylactic implantable cardioverterdefibrillator recommendations across published guidelines, Classification of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death |
Epidemiology
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Ventricular arrhythmias:
Premature ventricular complexes and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, Premature ventricular complexes in the absence of heart disease, Premature ventricular complexes in the presence of established heart disease, Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during acute coronary syndromes
Sudden cardiac death:
Incidence of sudden cardiac death, Population subgroups and risk prediction, Time-dependent risk, Age, heredity, gender, and race, Risk profiles and sudden cardiac death
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Mechanisms and substrates
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Substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death
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Clinical presentations of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
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Asymptomatic
Symptoms potentially related to ventricular arrhythmias: Hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia, Hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia
Sudden cardiac arrest
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General evaluation of patients with documented or suspected ventricular arrhythmias
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History and physical examination
Noninvasive evaluation:
- Resting electrocardiogram
- Exercise testing
- Ambulatory electrocardiography
- Electrocardiographic techniques and measurements
- Left ventricular function and imaging
Electrophysiological testing
- Electrophysiological testing in patients with coronary heart diseases
- Electrophysiological testing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
- Electrophysiological testing in repolarization anomalies due to genetic arrhythmia syndromes, Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Electrophysiological testing in patients with outflow tract ventricular tachycardia
- Electrophysiological testing in patients with syncope
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Therapies for ventricular arrhythmias
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- General management
- Drug therapy
- Antiarrhythmic drugs
- Nonantiarrhythmic drugs
- Implantable and external cardioverter devices
- Ablation
- Surgery and revascularization procedures
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Acute management of specific arrhythmias
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- Management of cardiac arrest
- Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
- Polymorphic VT
- Torsades de pointes
- Incessant ventricular tachycardia
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Ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death related to specific pathology
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- Left ventricular dysfunction due to prior myocardial infarction
- Valvular heart disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Pericardial diseases
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Transient arrhythmias of reversible cause
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Ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiomyopathies
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- Dilated cardiomyopathy (nonischemic)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Neuromuscular disorders
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Heart failure
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Genetic arrhythmia syndromes
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General concepts for risk stratification:
- Long QT syndrome
- Short QT syndrome
- Brugada syndrome
- Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
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Arrhythmias in structurally normal hearts
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- Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia
- Electrolyte disturbances
- Physical and toxic agents
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Ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death related to specific populations
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- Athletes
- Gender and pregnancy
- Elderly patients
- Pediatric patients
- Patients with implantable cardioverterdefibrillators
- Drug-induced arrhythmias
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