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Table of contents: Full Text (ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines)
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Introduction
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Level of evidence
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Definitions, terminology and incidence
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Definition, Classification and terminology, Incidence
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Prevention of infective endocarditis
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Misconceptions, evidence and efficacy
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Pathogenesis and pathology of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis
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Pathogenesis, Pathology of native valve endocarditis, Pathology of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) 6 |
Cardiac conditions/patients at risk
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Patient conditions in which prophylaxis for IE is not indicated, Patient conditions in which prophylaxis is indicated, Patients carrying a high risk for IE |
Patient-related non-cardiac conditions
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Predisposing diagnostic interventions, Predisposing therapeutic interventions, Prophylactic antibiotic regimens, Patient education, information and acceptance |
Diagnosis
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History, symptoms, signs and laboratory tests |
Echocardiography
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Detection of vegetations, Valve destruction, Perivalvular complications, Echocardiographic findings in PVE, Echocardiographic findings in right-sided endocarditis, pacemaker and ICD lead infections |
Standard blood culture techniques
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Diagnostic approach in suspected but unproven IE
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Culture-negative endocarditis (CNE) |
Organisms requiring special culture
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Conditions |
Organisms requiring serology
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Examination of valves, Culture of septic emboli, Demonstration of bacterial DNA by PCR |
Treatment and management
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Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal endocarditis
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Choice and dosage of antibiotics
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Penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and teicoplanin, Aminoglycosides, Antibiotic treatment regimens,
Home and outpatient treatment |
Antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis
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Staphylococcal endocarditis not associated with prosthetic material
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Staphylococcal endocarditis in patients with intracardiac prosthetic material |
Antibiotic treatment for IE due to enterococci and penicillin-resistant streptococci
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Antibiotic treatment of IE due to othermicroorganisms
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IE caused by gram-negative organisms, Fungal IE |
Drug level monitoring
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Treatment under special circumstances, Culture negative endocarditis (CNE) |
Endocarditis after intracardiac implantation of foreign material
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Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), Infection of other intracardiac foreign material |
Treatment and management of infective endocarditis (IE) in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA)
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Empiric antimicrobial therapy, Specific antimicrobial treatment, Surgical therapy, Influence of HIV-1 infection on the therapy of IE in IVDA |
Pregnancy
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Clinical disease monitoring and assessment of therapeutic efficacy
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Management of complications
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Embolic events
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Patients at risk for embolic events, Prevention of embolic complications, Surgery after cerebal embolic events, Mitral kissing vegetation (MKV) |
Management of pulmonary complications of right-sided endocarditis
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Cardiac failure
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Acute valve regurgitation, Myocarditis |
Acute renal failure
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Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances
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Relapsing endocarditis
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Surgery for active infective endocarditis
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Summary of indications for surgery, Surgery for active NVE, Surgery for active PVE |
Perioperative management
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Preoperative considerations, Prevention of recurrences, Antithrombotic therapy, Intraoperative echocardiography, Intraoperative microbiology, Postoperative management |
Intraoperative approach
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Debridement, Methods for reconstruction and valve replacement, Right-sided endocarditis, Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), Endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease, Endocarditis related to permanent pacemakers and defibrillators, Endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers (IVDA) |
Outcome and long-term prognosis
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