Lifestyle & CVD Literature

Vol. 8 September - October 2008

Blood Pressure l Cardiac Rehabilitation l Children l CVD Risk l Diabetes l Diet l Physical Activity l Smoking l Varia

Blood Pressure

Prehypertension in young adulthood linked to coronary artery disease marker later in life
Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 91-99
People who develop prehypertension during young adulthood have an increased likelihood of coronary atherosclerosis later in life.
Shift work could raise BP
Hypertension 2008; 52: 581-586
Shift work may increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a study of Japanese men suggests.
Hypertensive US doctors benefit from moderate alcohol consumption
Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 593-597
A lower risk for heart failure has been documented in hypertensive doctors who consume no more than two alcoholic drinks a day relative to their peers who consume less than one drink per week.
Adherence to antihypertensive medication investigated
Br Med J 2008; 336: 1114-1117
About half of patients given antihypertensive medication stop their treatment within the first year, researchers highlight.
Experts advocate focus on systolic BP in over 50s
The Lancet 2008; Advance online publication
Diagnosis and management of hypertension in people over the age of 50 years should be based on systolic blood pressure.

Cardiac Rehabilitation

Long term coronary disease management feasible, effective
J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2008; 28: 180-186
Long-term cardiac disease management programs are feasible and effective in an outpatient setting.
Preventive care for high-risk CHD patients can be improved
Lancet 2008; 371: 1999-2012
The implementation of the EUROACTION preventive cardiology intervention has shown that standards of preventive care in general hospitals and general practices across Europe can be improved.

Children, Adolescents

Diet impacts on cardiovascular risk factors in children
Prev Cardiol 2008; 11: 11-20
The dietary intake of preschool children influences presence and severity of cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as serum lipids and body weight, over time.

CVD Risk

Depression and anxiety should be considered in determining patients' CHD risk
J Affect Disord 2008; 109: 177-181
Depression and anxiety should be considered risk factors for coronary artery disease, say scientists after finding both conditions are associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction.
Negative affect linked to CHD risk
BMJ 2008; Advance online publication
People with persistent negative mood may have an increased risk for coronary heart disease, research suggests
Flu vaccination 'improves clinical course of CAD'
Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1350-1358
Vaccination against influenza does not prevent cardiovascular death but could reduce the risk for coronary ischemic events in patients with coronary artery disease.

Gout independently linked to CVD mortality
Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1104-1110

Gouty arthritis (gout) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men, especially those with hyperuricemia.
Low vitamin D linked to cardiovascular, all-cause death
Arch Intern Med 2008; Advance online publication
People with low blood levels of vitamin D are at increased risk for death from cardiovascular causes and from any cause.
QRISK2 outperforms modified Framingham risk score in UK population
Br Med J 2008; Advance online publication
A second version of the QRISK cardiovascular disease risk algorithm (QRISK2) is better able to identify high-risk patients than a modified version of the Framingham score

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome

Low CRF linked to adverse inflammatory and lipid profile in Type 2 diabetes
Am J Cardiol 2008; Advance online publication
Men with Type 2 diabetes and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have high levels of inflammatory markers, fibrinolytic factors, and lipoprotein (Lp)(a).

Diet, Nutrition

Healthy diet reduces CVD and all-cause death in women
Circulation 2008; Advance online publication
Women who adhere to a healthy, "prudent" diet decrease their risk for cardiovascular disease  and all-cause death, whereas women following a traditional "Western" diet increase their risk for these outcomes.
Flavanol containing cocoa improves vascular function in diabetes
J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 2141-2149
A diet rich in flavanol-containing cocoa can reverse vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Green tea improves blood vessel health
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2008; 15: 300-305
Drinking green tea has an immediate beneficial effect on blood vessel health.
Red yeast rice extract reduces CV events and deaths
Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 1689-1693
Long-term treatment with a red yeast rice extract significantly reduces coronary events and deaths in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, a study of Chinese patients reveals.
Inclusion of fish in weight-loss diet improves lipid profile
Int J Obes 2008; 32: 1105-1112
Adherence to weight-loss diets including fish or fish oil supplementation improves lipid profiles and overall weight reduction in participants.
Metabolically normal obesity more common than previously thought
Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1607-1608, 1609-1616, 1617-1624
Metabolically normal obesity is more common than previously thought and may be partly due to low ectopic fat in the liver. 

Physical Activity

Light to moderate leisure activity wards off AF
Circulation 2008; Advance online publication
Older adults can reduce their risk for developing atrial fibrillation by engaging in regular light or moderate leisure time physical activity.
Self reported leisure time physical activity predicts CHD patients' survival
Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 375-379
Individuals with chronic stable coronary heart disease survive longer if they undertake strenuous physical exercise in their leisure time.
More exercise than predicted needed for sustained weight loss
Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 1550-1559
Twice the currently recommended amount of physical activity - around 4.6 hours a week - accompanied by reduced energy intake, enable previously overweight or obese women to maintain a weight loss of 10% of their initial body weight.
Physical exertion intensity modulates impact on AMI risk
Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 1881-1888
Physical exertion is significantly associated with the triggering of acute myocardial infarction  in a graded exposure-response manner, findings that have implications for the guidance of at-risk individuals.
Endurance training improves cardiac glucose metabolism in elderly
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; Advance online publication
Endurance exercise training increases myocardial glucose uptake during cardiac stress in elderly men and women.

Smoking

Smoke free law reduces national ACS admissions
N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 482-491
Smoke-free legislation in Scotland led to a 17% fall in the number of hospital admissions for acute coronary syndrome, say researchers who found that both smokers and nonsmokers benefited from the ban on smoking in public places.
Smoking cessation may add 3 years to post-CABG survival
Am Heart J 2008; 156: 473-746
Coronary patients who smoke can potentially add 3 years to their life expectancy after coronary artery bypass grafting by quitting the habit.
Smoking cessation rapidly reduces vascular mortality risk in women
JAMA 2008; 299: 2037-2047
Women who smoke have an increased risk for vascular mortality, but this is eliminated once they give up.
Toenail nicotine levels predict CHD in women
Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 1342-1348
Levels of nicotine in toenails can help predict risk for coronary heart disease, a large case-control study in women shows.

Varia

Poor sleep predicts prehypertension in healthy adolescents
Circulation 2008; Advance online publication
Study findings suggest that inadequate sleep quality is associated with prehypertension in healthy adolescents.
Sleep disordered breathing linked to LV hypertrophy, dysfunction
Circulation 2008; 117: 2599-2607
Patients with sleep-disordered breathing are more likely to have left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and dysfunction than individuals without this sleep disorder.
Coronary heart disease linked to poor cognitive function in late middle age
Eur Heart J 2008; Advance online publication
People with a history of coronary heart disease have reduced cognitive function in late middle age compared with those without any history of the condition.

Disclaimer: The scientific content of these articles is not generated by the ESC. The references were selected for educational purposes only.

© Copyright Current Medicine Group Ltd, 2008