Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Central concepts
3. Prevention
3.1. Population at risk of infective endocarditis
3.2. Situations and procedures at risk – Dental procedures
3.3. Patient education
4. The Endocarditis Team
5. Diagnosis
5.1. Clinical features
5.2. Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis
5.3. Imaging techniques
5.3.1. Echocardiography
5.3.2. CT, nuclear imaging and MRI
5.4. Diagnostic criteria
5.4.1. Modifications for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis
6. Prognostic assessment at admission
7. Antimicrobial therapy: principles and methods
7.1. Infective endocarditis due to oral streptococci and Streptococcus gallolyticus group
7.2. Infective endocarditis due to Staphylococcus spp
7.3. Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis
7.4. Empirical therapy
7.5. Outpatient parenteral or oral antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis
8. Indications for surgery and management of main infective endocarditis complications
9. Other complications of infective endocarditis
9.1. Neurological complications
9.2. Heart rhythm and conduction disturbances.
9.3. Rheumatological manifestations
10. Surgical therapy: principles and methods
10.1. Pre-operative and peri-operative management – Coronary angiography
10.2. Surgical approach and techniques – Choice of valve prosthesis
10.3. Timing of surgery after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke
11. Outcome after discharge: follow-up and long-term prognosis
12. Management of specific situations
12.1. Prosthetic valve endocarditis
12.2. Infective endocarditis affecting cardiac implantable electronic devices
12.2.1. Device extraction
12.2.2. Device reimplantation
12.3. Right-sided infective endocarditis
12.4. Antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapy in infective endocarditis
13. Patient-centred care and shared decision-making in infective endocarditis
14. Sex differences
Our mission: To reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.